Know what to check first.

In the brand’s terminology, dayao refers to abnormal conditions created by treatments during growth or processing. Consider growing history, source, shape, ridges, density and surface feedback together. A large walnut or a particular smell alone is not proof.

Artificial ageing imitates the colour or worn appearance of long-term handling. An immediately dark, shiny surface does not establish age, patina or quality.

Reshaping changes the original form by cutting or sanding. Clamping uses external force during growth or processing to alter the proportions. Inspect transitions at the tip, base and ridges, and ask the seller to explain any treatment.

Small, disclosed repairs and excessive reshaping are different issues. Judge their location, extent and effect on the structure rather than treating every mark alike.

Walnuts harvested before the foundation has matured may later feel hollow, light or unstable. The excitement of a new season does not establish maturity or long-term handling potential.

Also check for cracks, joined shells, significant repairs, insect holes and concealed yellow patches. These are physical or transaction risks, separate from the five intervention categories.

Small insect holes mainly affect appearance when the main structure remains sound and there is no continuing infestation. Known issues should be shown and disclosed before purchase.